The Role of Electronic Commerce Technologies in Just-In-Time Replenishment

نویسندگان

  • Robert B. Johnston
  • Ruby Po Wan Lee
چکیده

attempts to link complex data types such as CAD drawings with traditional EDI documents, on-line catalogues and various Internet marketing initiatives. Many authors have suggested a pivotal role for Electronic Commerce (EC) technologies in the implementation of Just-In-Time (JIT) replenishment systems. To clarify the relationship between EC adoption and JIT implementation, case studies were conducted with Ford Australia and the Toyota Motor Corporation of Australia. It was found that, while the two companies exhibited many similarities in their adoption of, and attitudes to, EC technologies, there were significant differences in their use of EC to control replenishment from local suppliers. Toyota, the company most committed to JIT supply, was least interested in adopting the standard EC model. The differences are shown to be consistent with, and a natural consequence of, the respective influence of "push" and "pull" principals in the manufacturing philosophy of Ford and Toyota. The findings suggest that the current EC literature presents a simplistic analysis of the relationship between JIT and EC that is implicitly informed by a "push" conception of JIT. The direct benefits associated with EC adoption are well documented [5-7] and include increased speed, reliability and accuracy in information exchange and product recognition, elimination of duplicate data keying through direct application to application communication, elimination of paper, and tighter cash management. Recently there has been an increased recognition [2,7-10] that benefits also accrue from the inter organizational initiatives that EC adoption enables as an indirect consequence. Just-In-Time replenishment is the most frequently cited example but other process re-engineering initiatives include Vendor Managed Inventories, Evaluated Receipts Systems and Direct Store Deliveries. Some authors [11-14] go as far as to state that EC technologies (EDI in particular) are essential for the implementation of JIT in Western nations. To clarify the relationship between EC adoption and JIT implementation case studies were conducted with two major car manufacturers in the Australian vehicle manufacturing industry [15]. We want to draw attention to a failure in the EC and EDI literature to distinguish between push and pull approaches to Just-In-Time materials replenishment and the consequent oversimplification of relation between EC and JIT in existing literature. Consequently, a company with a Japanese parent and one with US parent were chosen the Toyota Motor Corporation of Australia, TMCA, and Ford Australia. In the next section the distinction between push and pull approaches to implementation of JIT is made. Next the influence of EC technologies in the automotive industry is discussed and the standard approach for their use is described. The particular conditions applying in the Australian industry that led to a unique implementation of EC are then described. The case study approach and the results of the case studies are next presented. Because of the unique conditions applying in the Australian automotive industry we can be reasonably sure that the differences observed in the case studies can be attributed to internal differences in approach, in particular manufacturing philosophy. The

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تاریخ انتشار 1997